All compression springs are right-hand wound.

As a rule of thumb, buckling can happen when the free length (L) is = 4 times the O.D.

Set has not been removed from our stock springs. Deflecting a spring past L1 will cause it to take set. Set can be removed by compressing the spring to solid height. Most of the set will be removed after one compression. Excessive loads at solid height.

Type 302 stainless steel is slightly magnetic.

The finish is that of the plain wire. Music wire is oiled to prevent corrosion

Yes. However, it must be realized that the spring may set slightly

It is always a reference dimension.

All Compression springs ground on both ends

It is always a reference dimension.

Extension springs are left- or right-hand wound.

All extension springs have full hooks which have not been cut for installation purposes. Closed loops are provided to help alleviate tangling. The I.D. of the hook is approximately equal to the I.D. of the spring body.

Springs are manufactured with end positions.

The finish is that of the plain wire. Music wire is oiled to prevent corrosion.

Type 302 stainless steel is slightly magnetic.

No. L1 is the recommended maximum deflection for static applications.

A torsion spring is a spring that works by torsion or twisting; that is, a flexible elastic object that stores mechanical energy when it is twisted. When it is twisted, it exerts a force (actually torque) in the opposite direction, proportional to the amount (angle) it is twisted.

There are two types of torsion springs are there, Torsion bar (Torsion fiber) & helical torsion spring (Small coil torsion springs).

To operate clothespins & Mouse Strap.

Small coiled torsion springs for POP doors on small consumer goods like digital cameras and compact disc players.

Vehicle.

Small coiled torsion springs, Helix coil spring, helical torsion spring, coil spring, torsion spring.

Yes. It should be noted that loads are greater than computed when a washer is deflected more than 80% of its available travel. It must be understood that the spring may set, however.

Wave washers are linear between 20 and 80% of the spring's available travel. Available travel can be computed by subtracting the thickness "t" from the height "H".

Electroplating is permitted although Hydrogen cracking is still possible. Mechanical plating can be used as an alternative because it substantially reduces this risk. The washers can also be black-oxided, or phosphate-coated.

Series stacking increases the amount of available travel. The load-carrying ability of the stack does not increase. In a theoretical world, the applied load is equally transmitted to each washer. To stack properly, spacers must be inserted between washers.

Although Parallel stacking increases the load proportionally to the number of washers, it is not recommended, due to the manner in which wave washers orientate in parallel.

Type 302 stainless steel is slightly magnetic.

It is that of the plain material. Carbon steel is oiled to prevent corrosion.